FONDAMENTI DI IDRAULICA E DI GESTIONE DELLE RETI IDRICHE

The goal is to teach the fundamentals necessary to solve a wide class of civil engineering problems where hydrostatic or moving fluids are involved.

In particular, the course will treat the design and verification of reservoirs, pipelines, natural and artificial channels (pipe-flow and open-channel-flow).

This will enable students to approach problems related to water resource management, the mitigation of hydraulic and hydrogeological risk and the production of electricity from renewable sources.

The course is organized as follows:

-traditional lectures, carried out using a participative approach in order to obatin the maximum involvement of the students;

- practical exercises. Such excercis are supervised in order to be sure that all the students will learn during the classtime how to apply the most important concepts and methods to be used in the field of hydraulics;

- periodic tests, aimed to verify the level of undertanding of the topic of the course and the problem solving capacity of the students;

-guided tours of the laboratory of hydraulics of DICAR, to teach students about the experimental methods used for the physical modelling of hydraulic problems;

-field visits at building sites of hydraulic works and/or at the premises of public or privaty bodies involved in the management of water systems (Water Management Companies, Water Authorities, Irrigation Consortia, etc.).

If the teaching is given in mixed or remote mode, the necessary changes to what was previously stated may be introduced, in order to comply with the program provided and reported in the syllabus.

• Introduction
• Properties of the fluids
• Static equilibrium of fluids
• Fluid kinematics
• Fundamental equation of hydraulics
• The Bernoulli equation
• Navier-Stokes equations
• Pipe flow
• Open-channel flow

1. M. Mossa, A.F. Petrillo: “Idraulica”, CEA Milano, 2013.
2. D. Citrini, D. Noseda: “Idraulica”, CEA-Milano, 1987 .
3. G. Alfonsi, E. Orsi: “Problemi di Idraulica e Meccanica dei Fluidi”, CEA Milano, 1984.

During the lessons, 3 ongoing tests are carried out, which are designed to verify the students' learning level and their ability to apply the main laws of hydraulics to problems of engineering interest. Usually, depending on the calendar of the lessons, the first ongoing test concerns the statics of fluids (application of Stevino's law, pressure diagrams, thrusts on curved or flat surfaces); the second ongoing test concerns the dynamics of pressurized currents (application of Bernoulli's theorem in the case of perfect and real fluids, dynamic thrusts, problems of verification of hydraulic systems, in the presence of pumps and turbines); the third ongoing test relates to the motion of free surface currents (uniform motion, critical state and permanent motion). The carrying out of the ongoing tests usually takes place within class hours or during teaching breaks. Students can take all three tests in itinere, regardless of the evaluation obtained in each of the tests. The final evaluation of the ongoing tests is represented by the average of the three tests. If the final evaluation of the ongoing tests is higher than eighteen, the exam is considered passed.

All students, in any case, can take the exam also through a single written test, lasting a total of two hours, which has the same purposes as the ongoing tests and which includes the same topics as mentioned above. Within a week of the written test, the evaluation of the same is communicated, which if it is higher than eighteen allows you to pass the exam. In any case, both students who have received an evaluation higher than fifteen for the written test, and students who have received an evaluation higher than eighteen, can decide to take an oral test, which takes place within one week of the written test. The oral exam is aimed at further ascertaining the level of knowledge of the topics covered, expressive ability and language properties, ability to apply knowledge to cases of applicative interest, ability to connect the different themes of the teaching program.

Evaluation of the ongoing tests and the written test: the tests consist of 10 questions, for which numerical and graphic answers are required. A correct answer is scored 3 points; a response containing slight miscalculations is scored 2 points; a response containing theoretical errors of medium weight is evaluated 1; an incorrect answer evaluates to 0.

How to register for an exam session: booking on the university portal. During the year, eight exam sessions are scheduled according to the academic calendar.

In the periods allowed by the academic calendar, beyond the weekly reception hours, it is possible, by contacting the teacher via e-mail, to arrange further meetings for requests for clarification.

Verification of learning can also be carried out electronically, should the conditions require it.

Hydrostatic distribution of pressures

Evaluation of hydrostatic thrusts on flat and / or curved surfaces

Application of Bernoulli's theorem, in the hypothesis of ideal fluid

Evaluation of the dynamic thrusts due to a current

Tracing of the line of total loads and of the piezometric line

Determination of the power of hydraulic machines

Determination of the critical depth and of the normal depth

Tracing of current profiles in steady conditions