GEOMATICA PER L'AMBIENTE E IL TERRITORIO

The course provides the knowledge necessary for design, implementation and representation of topographic surveys.In addition,during the course,will be provided  basic notions on hardware and software technologies for the management and analysis of geo-referenced spatial data .

If the teaching is given in mixed or remote mode, the appropriate changes will be introduced in order to respect the expected program reported in the syllabus.

If necessary, verification of learning will be also carried out remotely.

1. Elements of geodesy. Reference surfaces: geoid, spheroid, ellipsoid. Coordinate systems. Geodetic datum and datum transformations. Local and global reference systems. Geodetic and Topographic fields.

2. Elements of cartography and photogrammetry. General notion of cartography. Modules of deformation and classification of maps. Numerical cartography. The Italian official cartography I.G.M.I. The Regional Technical Mapss. The new national reference system and the National Dynamic Network (RDN). The cadastral mapping. Methods of cartographic production. Aerophotogrammetry: geometric principles of photogrammetry; production steps; flight plan; interior, relative and absolute orientation. Digital photogrammetry. Ortho-photo and digital terrain models (DTM) .The satellite images. The Geographic Information Systems.

3. Theory of errors. The measures dispersion. One-dimensional statistic variable. Discontinuous and continuous random variable. Direct and indirect measures. The normal distribution. The principle of least squares. Estimation of the average, the variance and the average variance. Law of variance propagation. Measures adjustment with empirical and rigorous methods.

4. Surveying instruments and measuring methods. Structure and set up of the theodolite, residual errors. Systematic errors in the measurement of angles. The Bessel Rule. Direct measurement of distances. The laser distance measurer. The reduction of the distance to the horizon and reference surface. The level. Use and adjustment condition of the level. The geometric and trigonometric leveling. The total stations. The laser scanner.

5. Methods of topographic survey. The approach in the topographic survey. The the survey planning according to the purpose and established tolerances. The planimteric survey. The technical triangulation. The Polygonal. The simple intersections with angle measurements and integration with linear measurements. The detailed survey. The altimetric survey. The leveling lines.

6. The satellite positioning. The principles of the satellite positioning. GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and the organization of GPS, GLONASS and Galileo. Pseudorange and phase measurement. Errors. Absolute, relative and differential positioning. The permanent networks and the services provided.

7. Spatial Data . Spatial reference data structure, hardware and software for spatial data management, examples of spatial reference data for environmental monitoring.

8. Basics of remote sensing.. Physical basics of remote sensing, Active and passive sensors used in remote sensing, application examples of remote sensing for environmental monitoring.

1. Barzaghi R., Pinto L., Elementi di topografia e trattamento delle osservazioni. Città Studi edizioni, 2014.

2. Bezoari G., Monti C., Selvini A., Topografia generale con elementi di geodesia. UTET, Torino 2002.

3.Alberto Cina GPS : princìpi, modalità e tecniche di posizionamento .

4. Brivio P.A., Lechi G., Zilioli E.: Principi e metodi di telerilevamento. Citta' Studi Edizioni, 2006

5. Canty M.J.: Image Analysis, Classification and Change Detection in Remote Sensing: With Algorithms for Python (4th ed), CRC Press, 2019

6. Burrough P.A. & McDonnell R.A.: Principles of Geographical Information Systems, Oxford University Press, 2015.