Fisica Tecnica

The aim of the course is to provide a structured knowledge on the three fundamental heat transfer mechanisms (conduction, convection, radiation), their interactions, and on the models for describing heat transfer in simple geometries and in heat exchangers.

At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

• solve problems of conduction, convection, and radiation in standard configurations;
• design basic systems for heat exchange (heat exchangers, finned surfaces).

Lectures and practical examples and exercises are presented in class with the help of didactical supports (slides, exercises, etc.) made available to the students on http://studium.unict.it at the begininning of and/or during the course. In the occurrence of pandemic conditions, on-line lectures will substitute classroom activities but in the respect of the declared course programme.

APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS: Refer to the Syllabus of Prof. Rosaria Volpe

HEAT TRANSFER

11. BASIC CONCEPTS OF HEAT TRANSFER 

Heat transfer mechanisms: conduction, convection and radiation. Simultaneous heat transfer mechanisms.

12. HEAT CONDUCTION

The Fourier heat conduction equation; thermal conductivity; solution of steady one-dimensional heat conduction problems;thermal resistance concept and thermal resistance network; thermal contact resistance. Steady heat conduction in plane walls, cylinders ad spheres; multi-layered cylinders and spheres and critical radius of insulation.

13. EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FORCED CONVECTION AND NATURAL CONVECTION

Classification of fluid flows; non-dimensional parameters for the forced convection; parallel flow over flat planes; flow across cylinders and spheres; flow across tube banks; internal forced convection; laminar and turbulent flows in tubes; physical mechanism of natural convection; equation of motion.

14. RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER

Thermal radiation; black body radiation and laws; radiation intensity; radiative properties. Radiation heat transfer; the view factor and relations; black surfaces and diffuse, grey surfaces.

15. HEAT EXCHANGERS

Types of heat exchangers; the overall heat transfer coefficient; the fouling factor; analysis of heat exchangers; the log-mean temperature difference method; the effectiveness-NTU method.

16. COMBINED CONDUCTION-CONVECTION PROBLEMS 

Heat transfer from finned surfaces; fin equation; fin efficiency and effectiveness. Transient heat conduction and lumped system analysis and Heisler diagram.

COURSE CONTRIBUTION TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG) OF THE AGENDA 2030

SDG 4: Quality education, Targets 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, lessons, specific insights

SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy, Targets 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, lessons, specific insights

SDG 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Target 9.5, lessons, specific insights

SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities, Targets 11.2, 11.6, lessons, specific insights

SDG 12: Responsible consumption and production, Targets 12.1, 12.2, 12.6, lessons, specific insights

SDG 13: Climate action, Target 13.2, lessons, specific insights

 1. Y.A. CENGEL - TERMODINAMICA E TRASMISSIONE DEL CALORE - MCGRAW-HILL​

2. M.J. MORAN, H.N. SHAPIRO, B.R. MUNSON, P.D. DE WITT - ELEMENTI DI FISICA TECNICA PER L'INGEGNERIA - MCGRAW-HILL

3. G. CESINI, G. LATINI, F. POLONARA, FISICA TECNICA, CITTÀ STUDI EDIZIONI

The evaluation is conducted through both a written and an oral examination. To qualify for the oral examination, students must pass the written test. Both the written and oral examinations assess the student's ability to discuss theoretical aspects of thermodynamics and heat transfer, as well as to solve practical problems and exercises. The written test includes both theoretical questions and exercises to be completed. If circumstances necessitate, the learning assessment can also be conducted online.

If the course is conducted in-person and for all students who attended the course (i.e., with a participation rate of at least 70%), two intermediate tests will be offered: one at the conclusion of the applied thermodynamics section and another at the end of the course. Passing both intermediate tests is equivalent to passing the written exam, and these students will then need to take the oral exam within the academic year. However, intermediate tests will not be offered if lessons are conducted remotely.

The following assessment criteria will be adopted: accuracy and completeness of the contents (as listed in the section “Course Program”), clarity and logical coherence in the exposition, ability to apply the principles to practical cases, and theorems and demonstrations required (as specified in the section “Frequently Asked Questions”).

To guarantee equal opportunities and in compliance with current laws, students enrolled in CInAP can agree with the teacher on any compensatory and/or dispensatory measures, based on educational objectives and specific needs. It is also possible tocontact the CInAP reference teacher (Center for Active and Participatory Integration - Services for Disabilities and/or DSA) of the DIEEI (professors Antonella Di Stefano and Arturo Pagano).

- State postulate
- Real gases: theoretical questions and analytical and/or graphical exercises
- Ideal gases: theoretical questions and analytical and/or graphical exercises through state diagrams
- Saturated mixtures: theoretical questions and analytical and/or graphical exercises through tables and state diagrams
- Incompressible liquid: theoretical questions and analytical exercises through tables

- Heat and Work: theoretical questions and analytical and/or graphic exercises that
- First Principle balances for closed and open systems: theoretical questions and analytical and/or graphical exercises
- Second Principle balances for closed and open systems: theoretical questions and analytical and/or graphical exercises
- Direct and inverse thermodynamic cycles, gas and steam: theoretical questions and analytical and/or graphical exercises
- Regenerative heat exchanges for performance optimization of thermodynamic cycles: theoretical questions and analytical and/or graphical exercises

- Psychrometry: theoretical questions and analytical and/or graphic exercises

- Stationary conduction in one-dimensional geometries: theoretical questions, analytical exercises, graphical schematizations
- External and internal forced convection and natural convection: theoretical questions, analytical exercises, graphical schemes
- Radiative behaviour of real bodies, the radiative models of the black body and of the grey body: theoretical questions, analytical exercises, graphical schemes
- Radiative thermal exchanges within cavities consisting of black bodies or grey bodies: theoretical questions, analytical exercises, graphical schemes

- Heat exchangers and calculation and sizing methodologies: theoretical questions, analytical exercises, graphical schemes