TRANSPORT PHENOMENA FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Academic Year 2025/2026 - Teacher: GIUSEPPE RECCAExpected Learning Outcomes
Course Structure
The course is delivered through lectures and practical exercises, supported by multimedia demonstrations designed to connect theoretical models with real transport phenomena. Lectures introduce the fundamental principles of transport processes, discussing assumptions, limitations, and validity domains of the classical models.
Practical sessions include guided problem-solving, analysis of case studies, and the formulation of mathematical models relevant to real-world applications. Throughout the course, multimedia experimental demonstrations are shown to help students visualize the studied phenomena and interpret their physical behavior.
Part of the teaching activities involves the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools to simulate transport processes, with particular emphasis on boundary conditions and physical parameters. The course also includes the presentation of 3D solid models and real devices that exemplify practical applications of the concepts studied, enhancing understanding through concrete engineering examples.
If the course is delivered in blended or remote mode, appropriate adjustments may be made to ensure consistency with the syllabus.
Required Prerequisites
To successfully follow the course, students must have a solid background in applied mathematics and physics. In particular, they should be familiar with:
fundamental concepts of calculus, including derivatives, integrals, and multivariable functions;
the basics of ordinary and partial differential equations, essential for understanding balance equations;
introductory notions of continuum mechanics and classical physics, especially forces, fluxes, gradients, and conservation principles;
the fundamental principles of thermodynamics and energy-related phenomena (heat, temperature, equilibrium);
the ability to read and interpret experimental data and physical quantities.
It is also useful, though not strictly required, to have some familiarity with numerical computation tools and with the formulation of problems involving boundary conditions, as these skills support the setup of simulations and the analysis of real-world cases.
Attendance of Lessons
Detailed Course Content
The course provides a rigorous yet application-oriented introduction to the fundamental principles of transport phenomena, examining diffusion, conduction, and convection through constitutive laws and balance equations. Starting from classical theoretical models, their assumptions, limitations, and domains of validity are critically discussed, with the aim of enabling students to correctly interpret real transport processes.
The governing differential equations for mass, momentum, and energy transport are introduced and applied, with particular emphasis on local balance formulations, boundary conditions, and the physical parameters that influence system behavior. Throughout the course, theory and application are tightly integrated, showing how mathematical models serve as the foundation for observing, understanding, and predicting real-world transport phenomena.
A significant portion of the course is devoted to case studies and numerical simulations, illustrating how theoretical models are implemented in computational environments and how simulation results must be critically interpreted in relation to experimental data and operating conditions.
Introduction to transport phenomena
Role of transport processes in engineering
Unified structure of mass, momentum, and energy balances
Assumptions, limitations, and validity of classical models
Differential balances and constitutive laws
Local balance equations
Fick’s, Fourier’s, and Newton’s laws
Critical discussion of model assumptions
Molecular diffusion
Diffusion equation and solutions in simple geometries
Steady and unsteady diffusion
Physical interpretation of concentration profiles
Comparison between theory and real data
Momentum transport
Simplified Navier–Stokes equations
Laminar flows in canonical geometries
Viscosity, shear stress, and velocity profiles
Limits of Newtonian behavior
Energy transport
Heat equation and conduction in 1D/2D systems
Forced and natural convection
Thermal gradients and heat fluxes
Analogies among mass, momentum, and energy transport
Common mathematical structure
Engineering applications
Breakdown of analogies
Boundary conditions and physical parameters
Proper identification of boundary conditions
Key parameters for modeling
Sensitivity of models to parameter variations
Modeling and numerical simulation
Setting up transport problems in computational environments
Boundary conditions and discretization
Critical interpretation of numerical results
Comparison with real phenomena
Applied case studies
Diffusion in solids and liquids
Transport in channels and pipes
Heat transfer and coupled phenomena
Qualitative and quantitative analysis
Textbook Information
Introductory Transport Phenomena (R. Byron Bird, Warren E. Stewart etc.)
Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook (Don W. Green, Robert H. Perry)
Transport Phenomena Fundamentals (Joel L. Plawsky)
SolidWorks Flow Simulation 2024 Black Book (Gaurav Verma , Matt Weber)
Course Planning
| Subjects | Text References | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Introduction to transport phenomena | slide book and video |
| 2 | Differential balances and constitutive laws | slide book and video |
| 3 | Molecular diffusion | slide book and video |
| 4 | Momentum transport | slide book and video |
| 5 | Energy transport | slide book and video |
| 6 | Analogies among mass, momentum, and energy transport | slide book and video |
| 7 | Boundary conditions and physical parameters | slide book and video |
| 8 | Modeling and numerical simulation (CFD) | slide book and video |
| 9 | Applied case studies | slide book and video |
Learning Assessment
Learning Assessment Procedures
The assessment consists of three in-term tests with multiple-choice questions, each focusing on the knowledge related to one of the three fundamental laws covered in the course. These tests are designed to evaluate the student’s understanding of theoretical models, their critical interpretation, and their ability to relate them to real transport phenomena.
At the end of the course, students will take an oral examination, aimed at assessing their overall understanding of transport phenomena and their ability to apply theoretical models to real-world situations.
The final evaluation will be based on the following criteria:
relevance and accuracy of the answers;
quality and depth of the concepts presented;
ability to connect theoretical topics to real phenomena, including everyday-life examples;
ability to provide clear and pertinent examples;
use of appropriate technical language and clarity of exposition;
ability to simplify and explain phenomena while maintaining scientific rigor and consistency with the studied events.
Learning assessment may also be carried out online, should the conditions require it. To ensure equal opportunities, students may request a personal interview to plan any compensatory or dispensatory measures, in agreement with the CInAP representative of the Department.
Examples of frequently asked questions and / or exercises
Which transport phenomena occur during the preparation of coffee using a moka pot? Describe the mass, energy, and momentum transport mechanisms involved in each phase.
Which transport phenomena did you observe today in your daily activities? Identify at least three real examples and relate them to the theoretical models studied.
Identify the transport phenomena present in the following industrial process (shown during class or via multimedia). Specify which balance equations could be used to model the system.
Under which conditions do the constitutive laws (Fick, Fourier, Newton) lose validity? Provide concrete examples.
In a simple domestic heat transfer situation (e.g., boiling water), which transport phenomena can you identify? Indicate the relevant gradients and boundary conditions.
In a pipe flow of a real fluid, which physical parameters most strongly influence the velocity profile? Explain the role of viscosity and boundary conditions.
In a CFD simulation, which choices regarding boundary conditions can significantly affect the results? Support your answer with an example.